بازار خرید و فروش انواع پارچه | پارچه سرا قیمت، خرید، فروش انواع پارچه
The Kachchativu issue first surfaced in 1921 at the Conference on the Demarcation of the Fishing Line between India and Sri Lanka, and a series of bilateral discussions on the demarcation of maritime boundaries and related issues followed. However, the two sides were able to reach an agreement for the first time in 1974. This agreement also clarifies the position established by the 1974 agreement between Sri Lanka and India. It is also true that almost ten years after the conclusion of the 1974 agreement, the third UNCLOS was concluded in 1983 with greater clarity and unanimity on the world stage on the precise conditions for the demarcation of marine areas. Despite all this, a positive aspect of the 1974 agreement is the repeated reference to “historical” and “traditional” rights in its preamble. Palk Bay, a narrow strip of water separating india`s state of Tamil Nadu from Sri Lanka`s northern province, has created historically rich fishing grounds for both countries. However, the region has become a highly competitive location in recent decades, with the conflict taking on a new dimension since the end of Sri Lanka`s civil war in 2009. Several problems have intensified to bring tensions to a point close to the crisis, with serious implications for internal and bilateral relations. These issues include persistent disagreements over the territorial rights of Kachchatheevu Island, frequent poaching by Indian fishermen in Sri Lankan waters, and the adverse economic and environmental impacts of trawling. However, as the governments of both countries have recently reaffirmed their commitment to “finding a lasting solution to the fisheries problem”1, it is possible to create a win-win scenario in which the bay becomes a common heritage of mutual benefit. The Maritime Border Agreements of 1974 and 1976, which delineated the international boundaries of Palk Bay and the Gulf of Mannar and the Bay of Bengal respectively, were concluded by both governments in the name of good neighbourly relations, but did not reflect the realities on the ground because the persons concerned, namely fishermen, were not consulted.9 The principle of national sovereignty underpinned both agreements.
A close personal relationship between the two Prime Ministers Indira Gandhi and Sirimavo Bandaranaike facilitated the successful conclusion. From the perspective of Tamil Nadu, however, the surrender of Kachchatheevu Island into Palk Bay in Sri Lanka was a serious mistake. Since the island was previously under the Zamindari system of land ownership introduced by the British government, New Delhi and Tamil Nadu have been debating the issue of sovereignty. At the time of the withdrawal, New Delhi regarded Kaschatheevu not as part of India, but as a disputed territory. The Indian government said the border agreement was necessary to promote bilateral relations with Sri Lanka. In Tamil Nadu, there was strong bipartisan opposition, but New Delhi dismissed it.10 It should be noted that if New Delhi`s vision of sovereignty is accepted, the unity of India itself could be at stake; Under the British Raj, the majority of land ownership in British India was under the Zamindari, Ryotwari and Mahalwari land ownership systems. Negotiations resumed in August 2010 and a counter-rotation visit by Sri Lankan fishermen took place. This time, the Sri Lankan Minister of Fisheries supported the visit and the Tamil Nadu government agreed to send observers to the meeting. Fishermen in Tamil Nadu said they had been harassed and intimidated by the Sri Lankan Navy and expressed their desire to revive the 2004 agreement. Sri Lankan fishermen deplored the damage caused by bottom trawling and called for an immediate end to the practice.
Indian delegates stressed that it would not be possible to stop trawling if their government did not take concrete steps to buy back trawlers. Although the conclusions of the dialogue have been presented to government officials, the dispute has still not been resolved. 37 V. Suryanarayan, “Share Blame for Fishing Dispute,” New Indian Express, January 4, 2014, www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/Share-Blame-for-Fishing-Dispute/2014/01/04/article1980977.ece. The 1974 Agreement on Historic Waters between Sri Lanka and India in Palk Strait and Palk Bay officially confirmed Sri Lanka`s sovereignty over the island. 9 “Agreement between India and Sri Lanka on the Boundary in Historic Waters between the Two Countries and Related Matters, 26 June 1974″; Agreement between India and Sri Lanka on the Maritime Boundary between the Two Countries in the Gulf of Mannar and the Bay of Bengal and Related Matters, 23 March 1976”, Annexes 1 and 2; V. Suryanarayan, Kachchativu and the problems of Indian fishermen in the Palk Bay area (Madras: T.R. . . .
